Breathing Science

    CO₂ tolerance training for endurance athletes

    Breathe On Team·June 1, 2026·4 min read
    Reviewed by Dr. Anya Sharma, MD (Pulmonology)

    Definition

    CO₂ tolerance training is a set of breath-hold and reduced-breathing practices that raise the body’s tolerance for higher blood CO₂ levels, improving breathing economy and delaying the onset of breathlessness during exercise.

    The BOLT test

    Body Oxygen Level Test: after a normal exhale, hold your breath until the first definite urge to breathe in. Untrained: 10–20 seconds. Trained endurance athletes: 30–50 seconds.

    Why it matters in racing

    Higher CO₂ tolerance means you can sustain race pace at a lower breath rate, with less perceived effort. The breathlessness threshold shifts.

    The weekly protocol

    Three sessions a week. Each: 10 cycles of normal breath then exhale-and-hold to first urge to breathe, with 30 seconds normal breathing between. Build to 5 cycles of inhale-and-hold to add variety.

    What changes in race performance

    After 8 weeks of consistent practice, expect a 5–10 second BOLT improvement, lower race heart rate at the same pace, and easier breath recovery between intervals.

    Log your sessions in Breathe On and explore the matching guidance at [/breathing-for/athletic](/breathing-for/athletic).

    Frequently asked questions

    CO2 tolerance
    BOLT
    endurance
    performance

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